Democracy vs. Democrazy: A Comparative Analysis of Human Rights Practices in Bangladesh, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia

 Democracy vs. Democrazy: A Comparative Analysis of Human Rights Practices in Bangladesh, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia



In examining the political landscapes of Bangladesh, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Saudi Arabia (KSA), significant disparities emerge in their approaches to governance and human rights. While Bangladesh has faced international scrutiny for alleged human rights violations under its previous administration, the UAE and KSA, despite their monarchical systems, present contrasting narratives regarding citizen satisfaction and legal practices.


Bangladesh: Allegations of Human Rights Violations

Under the rule of the Awami League from 2009 to 2023, Bangladesh reportedly witnessed numerous human rights concerns:

  • Extrajudicial Killings and Enforced Disappearances: Human rights organizations, such as Odhikar, documented 2,699 extrajudicial killings and 677 enforced disappearances over 15 years.

    Bonik Barta

  • "War on Drugs" Campaign: In 2018, Amnesty International reported that at least 466 individuals were killed in alleged "crossfire" incidents during anti-drug operations, raising concerns about the legitimacy of these actions.

    Amnesty International

  • "Aynaghor" Detention Facilities: Investigations revealed the existence of secret detention centers, known as "Aynaghor," where individuals were allegedly subjected to enforced disappearances and torture.

    Bonik Barta

These incidents culminated in widespread protests, leading to the ousting of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. The subsequent interim government, led by Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, has initiated investigations into these abuses, striving to restore democracy and address past injustices.

The Guardian

The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Legal Practices and Human Rights Scrutiny

The UAE operates under a federal absolute monarchy, and while it has achieved economic prosperity, its legal system has faced criticism, particularly concerning the treatment of foreign nationals:

  • Strict Cybercrime Laws: The UAE enforces stringent laws against online criticism. For instance, a British national faced imprisonment for posting a negative Google review about a business, highlighting the severe repercussions of such laws.

    The Irish Sun

  • Detention of Human Rights Activists: There have been instances where individuals advocating for human rights have faced detention. The UAE's legal framework allows for the detention of activists, sometimes without clear charges, raising concerns about freedom of expression and assembly.

While the UAE has taken steps to modernize its image, these legal practices continue to attract scrutiny from international human rights organizations.

Saudi Arabia (KSA): Governance and Human Rights Landscape

Saudi Arabia, an absolute monarchy, has made significant strides in economic development and regional influence. However, its human rights record has been a subject of international debate:

  • Freedom of Expression: The Saudi government maintains strict control over public discourse. Dissenting voices, including activists and journalists, have faced detention and harsh penalties.

  • Judicial Practices: The legal system operates under Sharia law, and punishments can be severe. While some reforms have been introduced, concerns persist regarding the fairness of trials and the use of corporal punishment.

  • Women's Rights: Significant progress has been made in women's rights, such as the right to drive and increased participation in the workforce. However, guardianship laws and other restrictions continue to limit women's freedoms.

Conclusion: Governance Models and Human Rights Practices

The political systems of Bangladesh, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia differ markedly in their governance structures and human rights records:

  • Bangladesh has transitioned from an authoritarian regime to an interim government addressing past human rights violations, with ongoing efforts to establish a democratic framework.

  • The UAE balances economic development with strict legal controls, particularly concerning freedom of expression, leading to debates about the true extent of its modernization.

  • Saudi Arabia navigates a complex path of economic modernization while grappling with international criticism over human rights practices, especially concerning freedom of expression and judicial fairness.

These cases underscore the intricate relationship between governance models and human rights practices, highlighting the challenges and complexities each nation faces in their unique political and social contexts.

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